7/12/2023 0 Comments Gra planet horse![]() This section reviews how the earth's atmosphere became oxygenated and how oxygen influenced biological evolution. Section 1: Evolution of Oxygen Homeostasis The reader is directed to the extensive bibliography for additional information and sources on specific topics of interest. In addition, this article cannot cover the evolutionary tradeoffs in other steps of the oxygen cascade distal to the lung. The section on mammalian lung (Section 3) is necessarily brief because the essential concepts are found in other articles of Comprehensive Physiology. While a comprehensive treatment of the evolutionary physiology of respiration is beyond the scope of any one article, here we focuses on the first step of the oxygen cascade-convection and diffusion in the gas-exchange organ-to provide an overview of the diversity of nature's “solutions” to the dilemma of acquiring enough but not too much oxygen from the environment. Finally, the key milestones are briefly summarized (Section 5). We begin with a discussion of the origin of oxygen homeostasis, that is, conflicting selection pressures that drove the evolution of elaborate oxygen transport systems (Section 1), followed by a survey of the structure and function of the major gas-exchange systems found in invertebrates (Section 2) and vertebrates including mammals (Section 3) and birds (Section 4). This article traces the trajectory of respiratory complexity from invertebrates to vertebrates and as organisms moved from the deep ocean onto land and into the sky. Gas exchangers arose as simple air-blood diffusion interfaces that in active animals progressively gained in complexity in coordination with the cardiovascular system, leading to serial “step-downs” of oxygen tension to maintain homeostasis between uptake distribution and cellular protection.Īll gas exchangers share basic features, for example, thin blood-gas barrier, large interface, ventilatory regulation, and low cost of breathing. ![]() The respiratory organ is the “gatekeeper” that determines the amount of oxygen available for distribution. ![]() Each system is adapted to deliver enough oxygen and eliminate enough carbon dioxide to allow the species to surmount specific environmental and predatory pressures while simultaneously limiting the energy cost of breathing and cumulative oxidative stress in cells and organelles within an acceptable range. Harnessing the energy from oxidative phosphorylation while minimizing cellular stress and damage is an eternal struggle transcending specific organ systems or species, a conflict that shaped an assortment of gas-exchange systems. While aerobic respiration is essential for efficient metabolic energy production, a prerequisite for complex organisms, cumulative cellular oxygen stress has also made senescence and death inevitable. Oxygen, a vital gas and a lethal toxin, represents a trade-off with which all organisms have had a conflicted relationship. Through the evolutionary directions and variety of gas exchangers, their shared features and individual compromises may be appreciated. We, therefore, survey the comparative anatomy and physiology of respiratory systems from invertebrates to vertebrates, water to air breathers, and terrestrial to aerial inhabitants. In an evolutionary context, certain species also become adapted to environmental conditions or habitual organismic demands. ![]() Within an organism's lifespan, the respiratory apparatus adapts in various ways to upregulate oxygen uptake in hypoxia and restrict uptake in hyperoxia. Here, we review the origin of oxygen homeostasis, a primal selection factor for all respiratory systems, which in turn function as gatekeepers of the cascade. Efficient respiratory gas exchange, coupled to downstream convective and diffusive resistances, comprise the “oxygen cascade”-step-down of PO 2 that balances supply against toxicity. Disparate systems exhibit similar directions of adaptation: toward larger diffusion interfaces, thinner barriers, finer dynamic regulation, and reduced cost of breathing. adult lungs) or simultaneous (e.g., skin, gills, and lungs in some salamanders). Habitat expansion compels the use of different gas exchangers, for example, skin, gills, tracheae, lungs, and their intermediate stages, that may coexist within the same species coexistence may be temporally disjunct (e.g., larval gills vs. Ambient oxygen tension ( PO 2) fluctuated through the ages in correlation with biodiversity and body size, enabling organisms to migrate from water to land and air and sometimes in the opposite direction. Life originated in anoxia, but many organisms came to depend upon oxygen for survival, independently evolving diverse respiratory systems for acquiring oxygen from the environment.
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7/12/2023 0 Comments Darktable vs rawtherapee 2017![]() This allows you to connect your camera directly to Darktable. These modules are also in Lightroom.ĭarktable includes a Tethering module. And there are further modules called Slideshow, Map, and Printing. Like Lightroom, you make changes using sliders to dial more or less of an effect. The Darkroom module is for image editing. This is where you can import, cull, and organize your files. Lighttable is functionally like Lightroom’s Library module. Like Lightroom, the software is divided into modules. These are alternatives to Lightroom’s Library and Develop modules. I’ll focus on the Lighttable and the Darkroom modules in this review. Screenshot of Darktable’s Darkroom module The filmstrip may be image thumbnails of like images or a timeline of when you took the images. There is also an optional filmstrip below the central screen. Processing tools and a histogram are in the right-hand column. History and other functions are in the left-hand column. These add functionality depending on the module. And the left and right columns flank the central screen. The basic layout is familiar to Lightroom users. But there are some notable differences, which we’ll discuss later in the article. In many ways, Darktable looks and feels like Lightroom. And the Darkroom module lets you edit photos. The software manages your photos through a module called Lighttable. This means your original file is never changed. ![]() And like Lightroom, it is non-destructive photo editing software. It supports RAW files from over 400 cameras and opens a wide range of file types. There are several platforms listed on the Darktable website available for download. I’m a Mac user, so I’m looking at the iOS version. ![]() Open source means that the software is downloadable on many operating systems. What is Darktable vs Lightroom?ĭarktable is an open-source photo post-processing program. For two former players of an obscure fantasy card game to command one-fifth of the final table at the world’s premiere poker tournament is an astounding feat, and one that cannot be attributed solely to luck. One of these players, 23-year-old David Williams, took second place and a prize of $3.5 million. Magic alumni claimed two of the 10 spots at the final table of the 2004 World Series of Poker, culled from an original field of 2,576. But arguably the most successful newcomers are the alumni of an obscure strategy card game called Magic: The Gathering. Indeed, players from all fields are finding success on the felt–teenagers, movie stars, recent immigrants. It's Kushner's gift to be able to share that knowledge in a way that makes us all able to understand as well.Poker has arrived, again, after a long period of dormancy, and it’s not just for riverboat gamblers anymore. The story rings true not just because it's factual, but because the author really understands his subject. There's an author afterword where Kushner lays out his own geek credentials, and I'm tempted to believe that this is the secret to the book's success: Kushner is one of us. It even includes appendices on the basics of Magic: the Gathering, Blackjack, and Texas Hold 'em. People like Garfield and Finkel leap off the page, as do the more minor characters - Kushner is adept at capturing their voices and letting them speak to the reader.Įverything about the book works, from story to design. Plus, Finkel's story is so intertwined with the story of Magic that we end up with a pretty good history of the cultural phenomenon that the game became. Kushner is equally adept at telling the story of Richard Garfield and the creation of Magic: the Gathering. Watching Jon grow and change from a lonely, troubled teen into a successful and happy adult is an uplifting experience, and Kushner does a great job telling his story. We've all felt alienated and alone, and a good many of us have turned, like Jon did, to the welcoming arms of SF, fantasy, and D&D. But first and foremost, it's the story of Jon Finkel, a prototypical uber-geek who harnesses his massive brain to the study of Magic and goes farther than anyone would have believed.įinkel's story resonates with the reader because we've all been there, to some degree. Johnny Magic and the Card Shark Kids is many things, among them a history of D&D culture and an account of the creation and subsequent pop culture explosion of the game Magic: the Gathering. David Kushner, author of Masters of Doom: How Two Guys Created an Empire and Transformed Pop Culture tells us who those guys are and how they came to be there in a story that should warm the cockles of any true geek's heart. And if you watch those TV tourneys, you'll notice one thing: the final table is often filled with guys who look like they might still be in college. Poker tournaments are becoming regular sights on network TV, and online poker sites grow more and more popular. These days, you can't throw a stick in a bookstore without hitting a gambling book. ©2005 David Kushner (P)2005 Listen & Live Audio Read more This audio also includes an interview with Jon Finkel, a.k.a. ![]() If you secretly believe every player has his day, you're right. Acclaimed author David Kushner masterfully deals out the outrageous details while bringing to life a cast of characters rife with aces, kings, knaves¿and more than a few jokers. Thrilling, edgy, and ferociously feel-good, the odyssey of these underdogs-turned-overlords is the stuff of pop-culture legend. Then they took on the town's biggest game, the World Series of Poker, and walked away with more than $3.5 million! ![]() Taking Vegas for millions, Finkel's squad of brainy gamers became the biggest players in town. Once transformed, this young shark stormed poker rooms from the underground clubs of New York City to the high-stakes tables online, until he landed on the largest card-counting blackjack team in the country. Magic exploded from nerdy obsession to mainstream mania and made the teenage Finkel an ultra-cool world champion. ![]() The ultimate bully-magnet, Finkel grew up heckled and hazed until destiny came in the form of a trading-card game called Magic: The Gathering. Jonny Magic and the Card Shark Kids is his amazing true story: the jaw-dropping, zero-to-hero chronicle of a fat, friendless boy from New Jersey who found his edge in a game of cards and turned it into a fortune! And whatever you do, don't sit down across a gaming table from Jon Finkel, better known as Jonny Magic. If you think a gang of real-life geeks can't take on the world and win big.think again. 7/11/2023 0 Comments Pdf studio pro linux crack![]() Popular Alternatives to PDF Studio for Linux. Master PDF Editor 5.8.50 Portable Rar (23. Pdf Studio Pro 8 Linux Crack Password 35c395ab90 picasa latest version free. Master PDF Editor 5.9.40 Full Version Rar (68.2 MB) | Mirror Master PDF Editor allows you to create documents from existing files, create empty documents, or insert empty pages into an existing document. Create PDF documents: PDFs can be created straight from paper documents using a scanner.Virtual PDF printer: Master PDF Editor is installed as a virtual PDF printer, allowing you to easily print any documents from different applications supporting printing (e.d.Add bookmarks for specified pages or paragraphs to allow fast document navigation and efficiently look up information. Bookmarks: Create, edit, and remove bookmarks.It enables you to easily move, remove, insert, and rotate pages in PDF documents as well as change their size. PDF Studio maintains complete compatibility with the PDF Standard. 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Annotate PDF documents: Powerful annotation tools such as Sticky Note, Measuring tools, and Shapes, as well as the enhanced editing capabilities provided by the Strikethrough, Underline, and Highlight functions, will make your work easier than ever.slightly increased speed of page drawing and decreased memory consumption. 7 Best Linux PDF editors as of 2022 - Slant Linux Productivity PDF What are the best Linux PDF editors 9 Options Considered 134 User Recs.Fixed issue with “Replace document colors”.The application enables you to merge several files into one, split a source document into multiple documents, and also to comment, sign, and encrypt PDF files. ![]() With Master PDF Editor you can easily view, create, and modify PDF documents. Straightforward, easy-to-use application for working with PDF documents equipped with powerful multi-purpose functionality. 7/11/2023 0 Comments Trent rexnor on masterwriter![]() After his parents divorced when he was six years old, Reznor's sister Tera lived with their mother while he went to live with his maternal grandparents. His great-grandfather, George Reznor, founded the heating and air conditioning manufacturer Reznor Company in 1884. He grew up in Mercer, Pennsylvania, and is of German and Irish descent. Reznor was born in New Castle, Pennsylvania, on May 17, 1965, the son of Nancy Lou (née Clark) and Michael Reznor. In 1997, Reznor appeared on Time 's list of the year's most influential people, and Spin magazine described him as "the most vital artist in music". They have scored the documentaries Before the Flood (2016) and The Vietnam War (2017), and the TV series Watchmen (2019), winning a Primetime Emmy Award for the lattermost. The duo has also scored the films Patriots Day (2016), Mid90s, Bird Box (both 2018), Waves (2019), Bones and All, and Empire of Light (both 2022). They won the Academy Award for Best Original Score and the Grammy Award for Best Score Soundtrack for Visual Media for both The Social Network (2010) and Soul (2020). The duo have scored many of David Fincher's films, including The Social Network (2010), The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo (2011), Gone Girl (2014), and Mank (2020). īeginning in 2010, Reznor, alongside Atticus Ross, began to work on film and television scores. Alongside his wife Mariqueen Maandig and long-time Nine Inch Nails collaborators Atticus Ross and Rob Sheridan, he formed the post-industrial group How to Destroy Angels in 2009. He has contributed to the albums of artists such as Marilyn Manson, whom he mentored, rapper Saul Williams and Halsey. Reznor began his career in the mid-1980s as a member of synth-pop bands such as Option 30, The Innocent, and Exotic Birds. ![]() Reznor has since released 11 more Nine Inch Nails studio albums. The first Nine Inch Nails album, Pretty Hate Machine (1989), was a commercial and critical success. He serves as the lead vocalist, multi-instrumentalist, and principal songwriter of the industrial rock band Nine Inch Nails, which he founded in 1988 and of which he was the sole official member until 2016. A third soundtrack album was released by Universal Music Enterprises, a double disc compilation of 38 (of the over 120) pieces of popular music from the 1960s and 1970s played in the series, The Vietnam War (The Soundtrack).Michael Trent Reznor (born May 17, 1965) is an American musician, singer, songwriter, record producer, and composer. Ma's work, which served as a score for the Vietnam scenes in the documentary, was released on Octoas The Vietnam War by In A Circle Records. Separately, music for the series was also composed by Yo-Yo Ma and the Silk Road Ensemble, David Cieri and Doug Wamble. The album was released on vinyl, CD and digitally on Septemby Universal Music Enterprises and Reznor's own label The Null Corporation.Īdditionally, the TV series reused tracks from The Social Network (2010), The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo (2011), together with snippets of ten tracks from Nine Inch Nails' 2008 album Ghosts I–IV and instrumental versions of "The Wretched" from 1999's The Fragile and "The Beginning of the End" from 2007's Year Zero. ![]() The Vietnam War (Original Score) is an electronic soundtrack album by Trent Reznor and Atticus Ross for Ken Burns and Lynn Novick's television documentary series The Vietnam War which first aired on PBS in September 2017. 7/11/2023 0 Comments Precious disk image passwords ftkFTK generates a shared index file, which means that you don’t need to duplicate or recreate files. Due to the tool’s emphasis on indexing of files up front, investigators can greatly reduce search times. ![]() Robust searching speeds are another hallmark of FTK. The use of a database also provides stability unlike other forensics software that solely rely on memory, which is prone to crashing if capacity exceeds limits, FTK’s database allows for persistence of data that is accessible even if the program itself crashes. This enables team members to collaborate more efficiently, saving valuable resources. Rather than having multiple working copies of data sets, FTK uses only a single, central database for a single case. This results in a momentous performance boost – according to FTK’s documentation, one could cut case investigation time by 400% compared to other tools, in some instances.Īnother unique feature of FTK is its use of a shared case database. ![]() Subscribing to a distributed processing approach, it is the only forensic software that utilizes multi-core CPUs to parallelize actions. There are a few distinguishing qualities that set FTK apart from the rest of the pack. And, to sweeten the pot further, it comes with an intuitive GUI to boot. Whether you are trying to crack a password, analyze emails, or look for specific characters in files, FTK has got you covered. ![]() It gives investigators an aggregation of the most common forensic tools in one place. FTK is intended to be a complete computer forensics solution. Before: An un-animated gameobject (“Cube”) is selected. The Animation, Hierarchy, Project and Inspector windows are arranged side-by-side for clarity. We have just a simple cube, with no Animator component. In the image below, you can see a GameObject selected (“Cube”) that is not yet animated. ![]() The Animator Controller is assigned to an Animator Component which is added to the GameObject. The clip is automatically added as the default state to a new Animator Controller which is also saved as an asset. The diagram below shows how these pieces are assigned, starting from the new animation clip created in the Animation Window: A new clip is created, and saved as an asset. The Animator Controller asset must have one or more Animation Clips assigned.The Animator component must have an Animator Controller asset assigned.A GameObject must have an Animator component.While the above steps automatically set up the relevant components and references, it can useful to understand which pieces must be connected together. ![]() Adding an additional new Animation Clip to an object which already has some clips assigned How it fits together Again, you will be prompted to save your new empty Animation Clip before being able to work with it. If you want to create a new Animation Clip on an object that already has animations, you must select “Create New Clip” from this menu. You can switch between which Animation Clip is visible in the window by using the menu in the top-left of the Animation window, just under the playback controls. Instead, one of the clips will be visible in the animation window. If the Game Object already has one or more Animation Clips assigned, the “Create” button will not be visible. The result of this automatic sequence is that all the required elements of the animation system are set up for you, and you can now begin animating the objects.
7/11/2023 0 Comments Aritzia effortless pant![]() The Aritzia Effortless Pant are a great investment piece that you can easily dress up or down. They have belt loops, pleats at the front and back pockets, and no elastic in the waistband to provide a classic tailored look which will never go out of style.These pants were designed with comfort in mind-and they deliver! The tailored look of these pants make them perfect for work environments that require strict dress codes. The Effortless Pants are super elegant style which makes you look put together as soon as you slide them on. They have a classic tailored look which will never go out of style Otherwise they would be really easy to get tailored or hemmed to be the perfect length for your height. The fit is also perfect: not too loose or too tight around my waist the regular length is perfect for me not too short or long (I’m 5’6″, so if you’re shorter than me, you might want to consider the short version). They close with a button, two hooks and a zipper fly, which keeps them nice and secure around the waist without cutting into you. They’re made of a stretchy fabric that feels like the most luxurious pyjamas you’ve ever worn, yet they still have the structure and look of more formal trousers. ![]() I can’t overstate how comfortable these pants are. Plus, because these pants don’t cling to your thighs like leggings do (which tends to make people lose their minds), they don’t leave behind an unsightly line under clothes if there’s food spillage (or worse: spills of another kind). I also own my true size 2 which fit like a glove. ![]() I own two different sizes in the Effortless Pants, I went up a size for a more baggy oversized look which are super super comfortable. The pants are not too tight or too loose they’re not too long or too short they fit just right around your waist without being constricting or uncomfortable, but also aren’t so roomy that they make you look bigger than you are. While high-waisted pants have been on trend for several seasons now, the Effortless Pant is a more of a classic and refined take on this style-and it can be worn with anything from t-shirts to crop tops to sweaters and a variety of shoe styles. The Aritzia Effortless Pant is a flattering silhouette for any body type. They’re high-waisted and super flattering In addition to all the above options, these pants are available in a variety of materials: crepette, linen, vegan leather and more. For sizing they range from size 00 up to size 16.4+ different lengths, including short, regular, tall, cropped and shorts.18+ different colours for women (including black, white, grey, brown and navy).They also come in multiple lengths, short, regular, tall, cropped, and even shorts. The Effortless Pants come in 18+ colours such as black, white, tan, brown, sage, burgundy and more. Aritzia offers their Effortless Pants in a variety of colors and styles: ![]() If you’re looking for effortless pants that don’t require much thought, this is the place to start. The Aritzia Effortless Pant come in 18+ different colors and styles I legitimately wear mine twice per a week, and I’ve basically retired my jeans at this point. You can get years’ worth of wear out of each pair if cared for properly! They’re made with a slight stretch fabric that makes them comfortable enough to wear all day long-and IMO a very good investment. The Aritzia Effortless Pant are made from Crepette - a drapey crepe fabric from Japan with a matte finish. Featuring front pleats, an easy drape and a long wide leg. They are tailored-yet-relaxed high-rise pant. These trending pants have quickly become one of their most iconic and best-selling styles. The Effortless Pants by Artizia’s house brand Wilfred, has now become a staple in Aritzia’s collection since its inception. Vancouver-based Aritzia was founded by Canadian entrepreneur Brian Hill and they’ve been crushing the fashion game ever since. Here’s what you need to know before you invest the cash: The famous Aritzia Effortless Pant have a ton of five-star reviews on the websiteĪritzia is a Canadian fashion brand that has been around since 1984. I’m also a sucker for anything that’s made by Aritzia, so when I saw the “Effortless Pant” on the site, I knew they would be too good to pass up.īut are they really worth $148? And do they live up to their reputation? Let’s get straight to the point, I’m a sucker for the Aritzia Effortless Pant. 7/11/2023 0 Comments Heights finance![]() I cannot believe the amount of time wasted and money for insurance spent to be treated as if I was not important to begin with. No application fees, & prequalifying wont affect your. Today we have over 400 branches, each staffed with friendly, knowledgeable loan specialists who pride themselves. Our branches, located throughout IL, IN, KY, MO, TN and WI, value all customers, including first-time borrowers and those with previous credit problems. Submitting your application online is fast, easy and convenient. I have never been so insulted in my life. At Regional Finance, we help hardworking people find a personal loan solution. Heights Finance has become one of America’s leading consumer finance companies. Thank you for choosing Heights Finance to apply for a personal installment loan. To say that I should have been considered lucky to receive this loan at all was unbelievable. I have called every single day and it lead to me being refused the contact of the district manager because the don’t know the number and they need to help someone else. I did not buy a car with their help nor did I secure the loan with a car title. Benefits, manageable work load, autonomy. Heights finance has an account listed on my credit report and my husbands credit report. The skillset used such as credit analysis, underwriting, etc are very universal for finance and are great additions to a resume. The job itself seems stable, with opportunities to grow. How Jennifer refused to inform me of requested information and kept a going back and forward between if me and the seller needed to to make the down payment prior to coming to the office and provide proof or if we were suppose to do the entire closing in the office. Management is involved and there are clear expectations made regularly. ![]() After communicating with Jennifer Collins and Denise it’s unfortunate that they accused me of making fraudulent paystubs, refuse to call me by my name, Denise the manager was yelling over me and speaking for me instead of letting me explain my issue. Butler founded Heights Finance in 1992 in Greenville, South Carolina. Heights Finance is a family of credit company members, including Covington Credit, Quick Credit, and Southern Finance. I was informed I was no longer qualified for the loan. Heights Finance is a financial solutions company that offers customers various credit options. Just a few Hours before taking a 2 hour drive with the seller that i had coordinated with getting a date together for weeks so we can close a car deal. I have been calling a going back and forward with this company for a month being extremely transparent about everything. Browse Heights Finance Corporation jobs in Somerset, KY and apply online. I have never been so insulted in my life.Įxtremely unprofessional. 16 Heights Finance Corporation jobs hiring in Somerset, KY. 7/11/2023 0 Comments Trash it 4.02,3 Landfill gas collection systems allow this gas to be used as a source of energy.īut which one is better? Unfortunately, there isn’t a definitive answer, and it varies facility by facility. In 2018, landfills accounted for 17% of total methane emissions in the U.S., the equivalent of 111 million metric tons of CO 2-and they can continue to release methane for up to 50 years after they are filled. This means that the organic portion of the trash (think food waste, or wood) decomposes anaerobically (without oxygen), producing methane, a potent greenhouse gas, as a byproduct. Inside the cell, the trash is packed down tightly, squeezing out all the oxygen. Once a cell is filled with trash, it is sealed and capped to minimize contact with the surrounding environment. Modern sanitary landfills are highly engineered facilities, neatly organized into cells, sort of like a honeycomb. Our other option, putting waste into a landfill, also releases greenhouse gases. In a “waste-to-energy plant,” this energy can be used to make electricity, replacing some electricity that normally comes from fossil fuels like coal and natural gas. On the other hand, burning waste also releases energy. When it’s a material that’s mostly made up of carbon (like plastic), the gas will contain CO 2, which contributes to global warming. ![]() When the trash contains hazardous materials (like some metals), this gas can be toxic. Burning waste may seem like a better way to permanently get rid of it-once the trash is burned, it appears to be “gone.” However, burning trash simply transforms it from a solid to a gas (and creates ash that must later be landfilled). “There is no sustainable scenario in which we consume a lot of materials, particularly single-use materials,” Krones says, “and rely on disposal processes to manage the waste and mitigate its effect on human and environmental health.”Ĭurrently, we have two major ways to deal with non-recyclable waste: we can put it into a landfill or burn it in an incinerator. 1 But what sort of impact does all this trash have on greenhouse gas emissions? The situation isn’t good, says Jonathan Krones, Visiting Assistant Professor of Environmental Studies at Boston College. 1 In 2018, this amounted to 292 million tons of trash. creates about 4.9 lbs of trash per person. ![]() But there's only one solution that doesn't contribute to climate change at all: not making waste in the first place.Įvery day, the U.S. All waste disposal methods release greenhouse gases, and it's hard to make apples-to-apples comparisons. |